In Their Own Words

Ever since Franklin, Jay, and John Adams gained the Mississippi as the western boundary of the newborn United States in 1782, Americans have talked republican ideals but behaved imperially. In a string of episodes, the nation soon pushed all the way to the Pacific. First came acquisition; then displacement of the previous occupants and American settlement. Continental empire-building created a national habit. A second, offshore empire followed and since 1945, a global one. Why are we imperial? Here is the history.

We Will Be Heard chronicles the struggles of women in the United States for political power from 1892 to 2007. Fifteen case studies and an overview look at different ways in which women have broken barriers, practiced politics, and promoted public policy.

"Sons of Ishmael" is the epithet that many Christian writers of the Middle Ages gave to Muslims. Sons of Ishmael focuses on the history of conflict and convergence between Latin Christendom and the Arab Muslim world during this period.

John Tolan is one of the world's foremost scholars in the field of early Christian/Muslim interactions. These 11 essays explore, in greater depth than his previous books, a wide variety of topics.

The Bible and Qur'an agree that Arabs were the descendants of Ishmael, son of Abraham and Hagar. Ishmael is described in Genesis as "a wild man; his hand will be against every man and every man's hand against him." To many medieval Christians, this was a prophecy of the violence and enmity between Ishmael's progeny and the Christians--spiritual descendants of his half-brother Isaac.

Yet Tolan also discusses areas of convergence between Christendom and Islam such as the devotion to the Virgin Mary in 12th-century Syria and Egypt and the chivalrous myths surrounding Muslim princes, especially Saladin.

By providing a closer look at the ways Europeans perceived Islam and Muslims in the Middle Ages, Tolan opens a window into understanding the roots of current stereotypes of Muslims and Arabs in Western culture.

As world attention is renewed and refocused on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict at the 60th anniversary of its seminal year of 1948, Marda Dunsky takes a close look at how more than two dozen major American print and broadcast outlets have reported the conflict in recent years. Beginning with the failed Camp David summit of July 2000 through the waning of the second Palestinian uprising in the summer of 2004, she finds that the media omit two key contextual elements: the significant impact that U.S. policy has had and continues to have on the trajectory of the conflict, and the way international law and consensus have addressed the key issues of Israeli settlement and annexation policies and Palestinian refugees. Dunsky explores how reports of the conflict routinely take on the contours of American policy and rarely challenge the premises of this Washington consensus. She also examines the media's responses to allegations of biased coverage and gauges the effect that mainstream news reporting has on public opinion and U.S. foreign policy.

This book surveys the social and cultural history of sexuality in early modern Europe by emphasizing the interrelationships among and between practices and ideological change in family form, religious organization, medicine and science, legal structures, and notions of deviancy.

As twentieth-century city planners invested in new transportation systems to deal with urban growth, they ensured that the automobile rather than mass transit would dominate transportation. Combining an exploration of planning documents, sociological studies, and popular culture, this book shows how our urban infrastructure developed and how it has shaped American culture ever since.

The cover was designed by U of C graduate and art major Anjali Grant, AB'90.

Sport, both participatory and spectator, was politically and socially important to Imperial Romans, but was slow to gain respectability in Christian Europe. Medieval and Renaissance doctors, however, prescribed exercise as good for health and the violent games of the early Middle Ages, condemned by the Church, gradually yielded in the 16th century to sports such as tennis, fencing, and pall mall (and golf) that were governed by precise rules and codes of behavior.

Over 100 beautiful color and B&W photographs of the Chicago River's history are published together with an entertaining and informative narrative text. This visually captivating journey serves as an enjoyable exploration of the Chicago River's amazing history.

From its origin as a small natural river to its dramatic transformation into a modern navigational connection between the Great Lakes, Illinois, and Mississippi River systems, the Chicago River has been shaped by human ingenuity, economic need, and even disaster. Astonishing tales of exploration and settlement, pollution and recovery, highlight the vital link between the welfare of Chicago and the condition of the Chicago River--a relationship that continues to evolve with the growing needs of the expanding metropolis.

Published originally in 1998 and soon to appear in a second edition, this book is based on source material at the Haeckel Archives at the University of Jena. It details the influence of the science and Monist philosophy of the German zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, on the rise of Fascist ideology mainly in Italy and France.

This book is the companion volume to The Scientific Origins of National Socialism.

Many studies of the origins of National Socialism claim that the völkisch and proto-Nazi movement arose largely as a reaction to the materialistic ideas of nineteenth-century science and especially to the naturalistic philosophy of German zoologist Ernst Haeckel and the German Monist League. Using hitherto unexplored material, Daniel Gasman calls this generalization into question. Arguing that the importance of science has been relatively neglected in accounts of the intellectual origins of Nazism, he attempts to show that Haeckel's "scientific" Darwinism, and his movement, the German Monist League, were proto-Nazi in character.

Contrary to popular belief, Haeckel's type of social Darwinism actually played a critical role in the formation of National Socialist ideology. In his new introduction, Gasman notes that recent research goes far to confirm Haeckel's role as an ideological progenitor of fascist ideology. This is true not only for Germany, but also for the birth of fascist thought in Italy and France. In general, Gasman claims, the history of science plainly reveals how Haeckel's social Darwinism nourished the roots of fascism no less than avant-garde modernism.

Although most prevalent and obvious during the early decades of the Republic, the influence of classical antiquity on American politics persists even into the 21st century. This study tracks the movement of classicism throughout U.S. history and illustrates how the ancient Greeks and Romans continue to influence political theory and determine policy in the United States, from the education of the Founders to the War in Iraq. The book consists of 10 chapters written by various scholars in history, classical studies and political philosophy, each chapter dealing with a topic roughly a generation after the previous chapter, starting with "Classical Education in Colonial America" by William J. Ziobro of the College of the Holy Cross, and extending through to the final chapter, "Platonism in High Places: Leo Strauss, George W. Bush and the Response to 9/11" by Neil G. Robertson of The University of King's College/Dalhousie University.

Taken hostage by Congolese rebels at the U.S. Consulate he headed in Stanleyville, Michael Hoyt provides the first inside account of the 1964 seizure of the American consulate staff and their one hundred and eleven days of captivity. Their survival and eventual rescue offer a gripping story of courage and frustration, survival and sadness of lives lost. The first time that American diplomats have been held hostage since the Barbary pirate days of the 1800s, these events, as described by the author, present valuable lessons both for the future conduct of hostages and the policies to deal with their taking.

In 1773 John Frederick Whitehead and Johann Carl Buettner, two adolescent Germans, were placed on board the same ship headed to colonial America. Each had been recruited in Germany by labor contractors popularly known as soulsellers--men who traded in human cargo mostly for the Dutch East India Company. By chance they end up going to America as indentured servants, were sold to different masters and, years later, each wrote a memoir of his experiences. These two autobiographies are valuable historical records of immigrant attitudes, perceptions, and goals. Despite their shared voyage to America and similar condition as servants, their backgrounds and personalities differed. Their divergent interpretations of their experiences provide rich firsthand insights into the transatlantic migration process, work and opportunities in colonial America, and the fates of former bound servants. Souls for Sale presents these parallel accounts--Whitehead's published for the first time--to illustrate the condition of German redemptioners and to examine the religious, economic, familial, and literary contexts that shaped their memoirs. The editors provide helpful introductions to the works as well as notes to guide the reader.

The Bonds share their personal insights into African-American life during the Depression in the Star Creek community of Washington Parish, LA.

When Horace and Julia Bond moved to Louisiana in 1934, they entered a world where the legacy of slavery was miscegenation, lingering paternalism, and deadly racism. The Bonds were a young, well-educated, and idealistic African American couple working for the Rosenwald Fund, a trust established by a northern philanthropist to build schools in rural areas. They were part of the "Explorer Project" sent to investigate the progress of the school in the Star Creek district of Washington Parish. Their report, which decried the teachers' lack of experience, the poor quality of the coursework, and the students' chronic absenteeism, was based on their private journal, The Star Creek Diary, a shrewdly observed, sharply etched, and affectionate portrait of a rural black community.

Horace Bond was moved to write a second document, Forty Acres and a Mule, a history of a black farming family, after Jerome Wilson was lynched in 1935. The Wilsons were thrifty landowners whom Bond knew and respected; he intended to turn their story into a book, but the chronicle remained unfinished at his death. These important primary documents were rediscovered by civil rights scholar Adam Fairclough, who edited them with Julia Bond's support.

These moving true stories of discipline, dedication, self-sacrifice and self-empowerment capture the struggle of ten African-Americans who made a name for themselves in the martial arts. Here in their own words are the stories of the black pioneers who have been instrumental in shaping the course of martial arts in America.

Conspiracy is a thread that runs throughout the tapestry of Roman history. From the earliest days of the Republic to the waning of the Empire, conspiracies and intrigues created shadow worlds that undermined the openness of Rome's representational government. To expose these dark corners and restore a sense of order and safety, Roman historians frequently wrote about famous conspiracies and about how their secret plots were detected and the perpetrators punished. These accounts reassured readers that the conspiracy was a rare exception that would not happen again--if everyone remained vigilant.

In this first book-length treatment of conspiracy in Roman history, Victoria Pagán examines the narrative strategies that five prominent historians used to disclose events that had been deliberately shrouded in secrecy and silence. She compares how Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus constructed their accounts of the betrayed Catilinarian, Bacchanalian, and Pisonian conspiracies. Her analysis reveals how a historical account of a secret event depends upon the transmittal of sensitive information from a private setting to the public sphere_and why women and slaves often proved to be ideal transmitters of secrets. Pagán then turns to Josephus's and Appian's accounts of the assassinations of Caligula and Julius Caesar to explore how the two historians maintained suspense throughout their narratives, despite readers' prior knowledge of the outcomes.

Passionate Minds takes us to the very heart of the Enlightenment through the story of the affair between the politically daring writer Voltaire and Emilie du Chåtelet, one of the most gifted scientists of the 18th century.

It was 1733--a time when women could be whipped with impunity by their husbands and censorship was rampant--when the great poet Voltaire met Emilie du Chåtelet and fell in love with her fierce intelligence.

Through the prism of this unconventional, decade-long relationship, we see the birth of the Enlightenment--from the first stirrings of equality between the sexes to the earliest commitment to a separation of church and state.

Theirs was a love affair as tumultuous as the era, filled with far more than reading and conversation about Newton's theories. As Bodanis writes, "There were frantic gallopings across France, sword fights in front of besieged German fortresses...Versailles card cheats; torn passion with the man who inspired the heartlessly sexy aristocrat Valmont in Les Liaisons Dangereuses...even an expedition through the frozen wastes of northern Lapland, trying to find the truth about God's plans for the universe."

Passionate Minds will be irresistible to readers of biography, narrative history, Bodanis's bestselling E=mc2, and anyone fascinated by the birth of great ideas.

A native of Chicago, David Bodanis taught a survey of intellectual history at the University of Oxford for many years and is the author of several books, including the bestselling E=mc2. He now lives in London, England.

"This text aptly details the remarkable accomplishment of Spelman's founders. Watson and Gregory spin a tale of innovation and triumph while simultaneously adding to the scholarship of higher education. Through an analysis of the curricular changes brought by each president, coupled with the important social and political context that surrounded those presidencies, this book presents a thoughtful discussion on the impact of a powerful woman's vision on the lives of other women."--from the Foreword by Johnnetta B. Cole, President of Bennett College and seventh President of Spelman College.

While President Emerita Johnnetta B. Cole is credited with propelling Spelman College (the oldest historically black womens' college) to national prominence, little is generally known about the strong academic foundation and legacy she inherited. Contrary to popular belief, the first four presidents of Spelman (including its two cofounders) were white women who led the early development of the college, armed with the belief that former slaves and free black women should and could receive a college-level education.

This book presents the history of Spelman's foundation through the tenure of its fourth president, Florence M. Read, which ended in 1953. This compelling story is brought up to date by the contributions of Spelman's current president, Beverly Daniel Tatum, and by Johnnetta B. Cole.

The book chronicles how the vision each of these women presidents, and their response to changing social forces, both profoundly shaped Spelman's curriculum and influenced the lives and minds of thousands of young black women. The authors trace the evolution of Spelman from its beginning--when the founders, aware of the limited occupations open to its graduates, strove to uplift the black race by providing an academic education to disenfranchised black women while also providing training for available careers--to the fifties when the college became an exemplar of liberal arts education in the South.

This book fills a void in the history of black women in higher education. It will appeal to a wide readership interested in women's studies, black history, and the history of higher education in general.

This book is a wide-ranging study of the economics and politics of the North's giant army procurement project during the Civil War. It offers original accounts of federalism in wartime, the development of military bureaucracy, contracting and contractors, wartime conflict over profiteering, and demobilization. It should be of great interest to anyone interested in the Civil War or American political and economic history.

In Discipline and the Other Body: Correction, Corporeality, Colonialism historians and anthropologists address instances of colonial violence from the early modern period to the twentieth century to illuminate the relationship between violence and difference underlying modern governmental powers.

The book discusses the post-Watergate and Vietnam legislative resurgence of the 1970s against presidential power and the subsequent restoration of that power under successive administrations. A separate chapter discusses the claims of unilateral authority exercised by President Bush after the 9/11 attacks.

Out of the diverse traditions of medical humanism, classical philology, and natural philosophy, Renaissance naturalists created a new science devoted to discovering and describing plants and animals. Drawing on published natural histories, manuscript correspondence, garden plans, travelogues, watercolors, and drawings, The Science of Describing reconstructs the evolution of this discipline of description through four generations of naturalists.

In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, naturalists focused on understanding ancient and medieval descriptions of the natural world, but by the mid-sixteenth century naturalists turned toward distinguishing and cataloguing new plant and animal species. To do so, they developed new techniques of observing and recording, created botanical gardens and herbaria, and exchanged correspondence and specimens within an international community. By the early seventeenth century, naturalists began the daunting task of sorting through the wealth of information they had accumulated, putting a new emphasis on taxonomy and classification.

Illustrated with woodcuts, engravings, and photographs, The Science of Describing is the first broad interpretation of Renaissance natural history in more than a generation and will appeal widely to an interdisciplinary audience.

Until 1989, most Soviet Jews wanting to immigrate to the United States left on visas for Israel via Vienna. In Vienna, with the assistance of American aid organizations, thousands of Soviet Jews transferred to Rome and applied for refugee entry into the United States. The Struggle for Soviet Jewry in American Politics examines the conflict between the Israeli government and the organized American Jewish community over the final destination of Soviet Jewish émigrés between 1967 and 1989.

A history of the Paraguayan Investigation of 1870 in the U. S. Congress.

This book will be available June 1, 2006 from the author: 28 Fredette Street, Chicopee, MA 01022 ($20.00)

Three books in one: an account of one of the nation's important civil rights cases; a survey history of race relations post-reconstruction; and an argument for why and how we should dismantle the black ghetto.

In a series of case histories, the author explores the divorce of the revolutionary government from Catholic Christianity, the defense set up by church leaders through the pilgrimage movement and the cultivation of local languages, and, finally, the détente that the trial of war and peaceful scholarship engendered in the first decades of the twentieth century.

Presentations of the quandaries of revolutionary priests and the gripes of revolutionary legislators, the two Frances as seen by Chateaubriand and Destutt de Tracy, pilgrimages to Chartres and local language movement in Alsace and the Roussillon, priests and teachers achieving their own détente in the trenches of World War I, and the reconciliation of secularized universities with the medieval Catholic heritage.

Perspectives from the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG), formed by the UNSG in 2004.

This is the first ever, full-length, all-original biography of Taylor, who was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1969, the same year he died.

An unprecedented close reading of Lincoln's most revealing pre-war speeches, leading up to an analysis of the presidential speeches in the light of--not as a full departure from--his pre-presidential oratory. The book discusses (and in some cases discovers, on the basis of new material) a number of striking continuities. The book ends with an extended consideration of Lincoln's understanding of Providence and human instrumentality, both as ideas offering various means of persuasion and yet also as ideas participating profoundly in Lincoln's worldview.

Over the past two decades, concern about the environment has brought with it a tremendous increase in recycling in the United States and around the world. For many, it has become not only a civic, but also a moral obligation. Long before our growing levels of waste became an environmental concern, however, recycling was a part of everyday life for many Americans, and for a variety of reasons. From rural peddlers who traded kitchen goods for scrap metal to urban children who gathered rags in exchange for coal, individuals have been finding ways to reuse discarded materials for hundreds of years.

In Cash for Your Trash, Carl A. Zimring provides a fascinating history of scrap recycling, from colonial times to the present. Moving beyond the environmental developments that have shaped modern recycling enterprises, Zimring offers a unique cultural and economic portrait of the private businesses that made large-scale recycling possible. Because it was particularly common for immigrants to own or operate a scrap business in the nineteenth century, the history of the industry reveals much about ethnic relationships and inequalities in American cities. Readers are introduced to the scrap workers, brokers, and entrepreneurs who, like the materials they handled, were often marginalized.

Integrating findings from archival, industrial, and demographic records, Cash for Your Trash demonstrates that over the years recycling has served purposes far beyond environmental protection. Its history and evolution reveals notions of Americanism, the immigrant experience, and the development of small business in this country.

The book details how this midwestern federal district court grew from an obscure institution to one that plays a central role in the political, economic, and social lives of the citizens of its region. Alexander's work provides insight into the role and function of a federal district court, highlights the types of cases the court heard in different eras, and provides interesting insights into the appointment process for each of the judges appointed to the bench during the court's 200 year history.

The rousing story of how the U.S. won its first war against terrorism in the early 1800s.

North Africa's Barbary pirates long preyed on merchant vessels, and in the late 1700s they began targeting Americans. This book recounts the untold story of one of the defining challenges overcome by the young American republic and brings to life the exploits of William Eaton, an American gentleman adventurer who was appointed consul to Tunis just as hostilities between the Barbary State of Tripoli and the U.S. were about to explode. This fast-moving and dramatic tale examines the events that gave birth to the United States Navy and Marines, recounts the harrowing experiences of American seamen held as slaves in North Africa for more than a decade, and recreates the startling political, diplomatic, and military battles that were central to the conflict.

In Divided Houses, Caroline Ford examines how the so-called feminization of religion in France from the French Revolution to the First World War contributed to the formation of a distinctive secular (laïc) republican political culture in France. She also reveals the effect of women's close association with religion on their civil and social status, which gave rise in France to heated debates about the limits of female agency, women's property rights, and women's role in the family and in society. She argues that religious women were often far more than the passive instruments of a male ecclesiastical hierarchy. In showing that these women could dispose of their bodies, souls, and properties in ways that were unimaginable to their secular counterparts, Ford's book obliges one to rethink the categories of tradition and modernity that have structured most thinking about this subject.

Ford's book is centered on a set of micro-histories and causes célèbres whose narratives are fascinating in and of themselves. They include conflicts within religious orders, the cults of some latter-day female saints, and riveting legal disputes involving women who converted to Catholicism. Perhaps most intriguingly, Ford brings current debates concerning pluralism and cultural difference in France into sharp historical focus. The fact that women have been portrayed as the quintessential carriers of religion ever since France embraced laïcite sheds light on problems faced by the secular French state today as it attempts to regulate religious expression--including emblems of Islam--in the public sphere.

This book takes a new and provocative approach to ancient state expansion, looking at the role and dynamics of colonization in pre-Columbian Andean states. Paul Goldstein argues that the influential Tiwanaku culture in the Bolivian highlands, which existed in the 7th through 11th centuries A.D., was at its core a civilization of peoples of distinctive ethnic and political affiliations who shared some common identities. He maintains that Tiwanaku expansion came about because of a complex web of economic and cultural exchanges that linked regions into a pluralistic confederation, a demographic process he calls "ethnicity in motion."

Goldstein takes issue with earlier notions of ancient state expansion that argue for a coercive centralized political body under charismatic warlords and powerful ruling elites. He asserts that "globalist" interpretations of expansive states, whether they focus on imperial conquest or hegemonic "world systems," all share a similarly limited centrist perspective. In contrast, his reassessment of state structure emphasizes identity, process, and dynamics from the bottom up. Noting that the Tiwanaku civilization was far more pluralistic than is commonly believed, he contends that early states in the Andes, and perhaps throughout the ancient world, were segmentary in nature and that they remained so even as they grew into larger empires. After introducing the role of diasporas in early state growth, Goldstein synthesizes recent research on the Tiwanaku civilization of highland Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. He presents the results of his own extensive archaeological field research in Azapa, Chile, and Moquegua, Peru, showing how settlement, household, mortuary, and monumental archaeology bear on the colonization of lowland agricultural valleys.

This original interpretation of the Tiwanaku region as a multiethnic landscape in the pre-Columbian past will fascinate Andeanists and will have broad appeal for scholars worldwide who deal with migration and the growth of states and empires.

The French Revolution transformed the nation's--and eventually the world's--thinking about citizenship, nationality, and gender roles. At the same time, it created fundamental contradictions between citizenship and family as women acquired new rights and duties but remained dependents within the household. In The Family and the Nation, Jennifer Ngaire Heuer examines the meaning of citizenship during after the revolution and the relationship between citizenship and gender as these ideas and practices were reworked in the late 1790s and early 19th century.

Heuer argues that tensions between family and nation shaped men's and women's legal and social identities from the Revolution and Terror through the Restoration. She shows the critical importance of relating nationality to political citizenship and of examining the application, not just the creation, of new categories of membership in the nation. Heuer draws on diverse historical sources--from political treatises to police records, immigration reports to court cases--to demonstrate the extent of revolutionary concern over national citizenship. This book casts into relief France's evolving attitudes toward patriotism, immigration, and emigration, and the frequently opposing demands of family ties and citizenship.

The essays in this collection exemplify the innovations that have characterized the relatively new field of late ancient studies. Focused on civilizations clustered mainly around the Mediterranean, during the period between roughly 100 and 700 CE, scholars working in late ancient studies have brought history and cultural studies to bear on theology and religious studies. They have adopted the methods of the social sciences and humanities--particularly of sociology, cultural anthropology, and literary criticism. Following developments in those fields, scholars of late antiquity have emphasized cultural and social history and considerations of gender and sexuality. In so doing, they have revealed the late ancient world as far more varied than had previously been imagined.

The contributors investigate three key concerns that have engaged scholars of late antiquity: gender, asceticism, and historiography. They consider Macrina's scar, Mary's voice, and the harlot's body as well as Augustine, Jovinian, Gregory Nazianzus, Julian, and Ephrem the Syrian. Whether examining how animal bodies figured as a means for understanding human passion and sexuality in the monastic communities of Egypt and Palestine or meditating on the almost modern epistemological crisis faced by Theodoret in attempting to overcome the barriers between the self and the wider world, these essays chart the work that has defined late ancient studies and point toward emerging theoretical and critical developments in the field.

A compelling memoir by a leading columnist on life in Israel during the Second Intifada. Life in today's Israel is perpetually shadowed by "the situation," the catchword for the Second Intifada enveloping every aspect of life since its eruption in 2000. Motro, an American writer, lawyer, and prizewinning columnist who has lived in Israel for 20 years, captures its unfiltered reality in this memoir of her life in the Middle East. The author's insulation from the lives of Palestinians was shattered by her personal connection to the very first child killed in the Second Intifada, shot before the world's eyes against a wall in Gaza while cradled in the arms of his wounded father. Stunned by the photo plastered across the front page, Motro realized that the father was a man she had known for years. Motro tells their personal story and the story of a peace that eluded the grasp of both famous and obscure Israelis. She chronicles courageous attempts to allow coexistence between the two nationalities and tests the values that first brought her to the country.

Motro's American perspective will resonate with US readers. Maneuvering Between the Headlines speaks not only of the power of hatred, but to the ability of both Jews and Arabs to continue to reach out across the abyss.

This in-depth study of the development of philosophy of science studies in the United States during the Cold War documents the political vitality of logical empiricism and Otto Neurath's Unity of Science Movement when the movement emigrated to the U.S. in the 1930s. It follows its de-politicization by a convergence of intellectual, cultural and political forces in the 1950s. The volume will be of interest to philosophers and historians of science, as well as scholars of Cold War studies.

Art of Engagement takes the first comprehensive look at the key role of California's art and artists in politics and culture since 1945. Tracing the remarkably fertile confluence of political agitation and passionately engaged art, Peter Selz leads readers on a journey that begins with the Nazi death camps and moves through the Bay Area's Free Speech Movement of 1964, the birth of Beat and hippie countercultures, the Chicano labor movement in the San Joaquin Valley, the beginning of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, and some of the most radical manifestations of the women's movement, gay liberation, Red Power, and environmental activism. The book also deals with artists' responses to critical issues such as censorship and capital punishment. Selz follows California's outpouring of political art into the present with responses to September 11 and the war in Iraq.

Selz considers the work of artists such as Robert Arneson, Hans Burkhardt, Jerome (Caja), Enrique Chagoya, Judy Chicago, Llyn Foulkes, Rupert García, Helen and Newton Harrison, Wally Hedrick, Suzanne Lacy, Hung Liu, Peter Saul, Miriam Schapiro, Allan Sekula, Mark di Suvero, Masami Teraoka, and Carrie Mae Weems. Abundantly illustrated, Art of Engagement showcases many types of media, including photographs, found objects, drawings and prints, murals, painting, sculpture, ceramics, installations, performance art, and collage. Readers will come away with a historical sense of the significant role California has played in generating political art and also how the state has stimulated politically engaged art throughout the world.

This book is a critical study of the portrayal of women artists in 19th and 20th century novels in English, including British, American, Irish, and Canadian woman writers. This book traces the gradual progression from amateur parlor painters in the novels of Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, and others, to the serious professional painters depicted by contemporary writers such as Margaret Atwood, Mary Godon, and A.S. Byatt. In fiction as in history, the woman artist's working space enlarges through time--by uneven steps from a portfolio in a cupboard to a studio or atelier where work may be completed and prepared for sale or exhibition. This working space is a measure of the claim that the artist makes upon the world.

The purpose of this book is, first, to interpret the implied dialogue of the writers with the artist figures they create so as to reveal the writer's view of creativity in both its aesthetic and political dimensions; and, second to explore certain remarkable continuities in the imagery depicting women artists in the novels. Most notably, recurrent images present the artist as liminal and her work as suspended or unfinished, terms which reflect not only the woman painter's historic marginality, but also her creative potential. In eight of the novels under discussion, the painter lives or works at the edge of an ocean, a literally liminal position with a variety of symbolic implications. These novels tend to adhere to the general principle that that which is shown as fragmented, unfinished, or suspended in space or time is truer to the experience of creative women than that which is shown as whole, finished, or firmly anchored.

A unique reference work that provides readers with basic information about the history of social welfare in Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

A unique reference work that provides readers with basic information about the history of social welfare in Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

This book traces the history of British research into the ancient Celts, from its beginnings in the early 18th century to the emergence both of the modern understanding of the Celts and of the discipline of archaeology by the start of the 20th century.

This book analyzes the historiography of the Mexican revolution, emphasizing what has been written during the last ten years in Mexico and the United States. This bibliographical essay--and the vast bibliography that follows it--should be a useful tool for those students interested in Mexico's 1910 social revolution.

An edition of a 12th-century collection of monastic documents (in Latin), with introduction, here published for the first time.

Despite being securely entrenched in power and having suppressed all political opposition, the Ba'thist regime that ruled Iraq from 1968 to 2003 still felt the need to engage in a massive rewriting of the nation's history and cultural heritage--in both its high and popular forms. As this book makes clear, the regime's effort to restructure understandings of the past was an attempt to expunge a powerful tendency in the Iraqi nationalist movement that advocated cultural pluralism, political participation, and social justice. Based on interviews with Iraqi intellectuals under the regime of Saddam Husayn, and with Iraqi expatriates and on publications from Iraq both before and during Ba'thist rule, Memories of State is an eye-opening look at one of the most important and misunderstood countries in the Middle East. This timely study also asks what the possibilities are for promoting civil society and a transition to democratic rule in post-Ba'thist Iraq.

This book explores changes in everyday experience wrought by rapid industrialization in post-Civil War America. Topics include factory and domestic work, popular entertainment, the growth of cities, and the literary response to industrialization.

Originally created as an educational tool for children in the mid-1700s, jigsaw puzzles developed into a national craze during the Great Depression. Today, the collecting and assembling of jigsaw puzzles continues to challenge new and experienced puzzlers alike with hidden messages, mysteries to solve, and a never-ending stream of challenges to conquer. The Jigsaw Puzzle pieces together the origins of the beloved pastime that has enthralled people worldwide for centuries.

Best known as the hero of Little Round Top at Gettysburg and the commanding officer of the troops who accepted the Confederates' surrender at Appomattox, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (1828-1914) has become one of the most famous and most studied figures of Civil War history. After the war, he went on to serve as governor of Maine and president of Bowdoin College. The first collection of his postwar letters, this book offers important insights for understanding Chamberlain's later years and his place in chronicling the war. The letters included here reveal Chamberlain's perspective on military events at Gettysburg, Five Forks, and Appomattox, and on the planning of ceremonies to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Gettysburg. As Jeremiah Goulka points out in his introduction, the letters also shed light on Chamberlain's views on politics, race relations, and education, and they expose some of the personal difficulties he faced late in life. On a broader scale, Chamberlain's correspondence contributes to a better understanding of the influence of Civil War veterans on American life and the impact of the war on veterans themselves. It also says much about state and national politics (including the politics of pensions), family roles and relationships, and ideas of masculinity in Victorian America.

Based largely on primary sources not previously utilized, this book traces the career of Harvey Matusow, an ex-Communist "professional" informer in the McCarthy era, and describes how the government maintained a stable of paid informer-witnesses to testify in "Communist" cases. Matusow, a flamboyant witness, recanted much of his testimony and was prosecuted for perjury--for his recantation, not his original testimony.

Modern war planning processes was invented in Prussia, 1794-1863, and validated in the three wars of German unification, 1864-71. Since then all modern states have adopted these deep-future oriented processes to think about, plan for, and execute war. Moltke was the first modern war planner. And it was he who celebrated George Washington's victory at Yorktown (1781) by emphasizing it was a war-winning battle with very low casualties. To figure all of this out, this work applies organizational, learning, and knowledge theory. But it also tells a good story.

Paleography, which often overlaps with archaeology, deciphers ancient inscriptions and modes of writing to reveal the knowledge and workings of earlier societies. In this now-classic paleographic study of China, Tsuen-Hsuin Tsien traces the development of Chinese writing from the earliest inscriptions to the advent of printing, with specific attention to the tools and media used. Now expanded and updated, this edition includes material that treats the many major documents and ancient Chinese artifacts uncovered over the forty years since the book's first publication. Substantial contributions from Edward L. Shaughnessy, including a new afterword, complete this long-awaited second edition. Written on Bamboo and Silk (the only book of its kind available in English) has long been considered a landmark in its field. Critical in this regard is the excavation of numerous sites in ancient cities throughout China, where hundreds of thousands of documents written on bamboo and silk (as well as other media) were found, including some of the earliest copies of historical, medical, astronomical, military, and religious texts that are now essential to the study of early Chinese literature, history, and philosophy. Discoveries such as these have made the amount of material evidence on the origins and evolution of communication throughout Chinese history exceedingly broad and rich, and yet Tsien and Shaughnessy succeed in tackling it all and building on the earlier classic work that changed the course of study and understanding of Chinese paleography.

When Kimberly Palmer first landed at Narita airport, she was ready to blend into Japanese life, following whatever cultural rules came her way. She knew it wasn't going to be easy. Friends and advisors warned her that she wasn't going to be taken seriously as a reporter because she was a woman. Despite some bumps along the way--including persistent questions about her love life from her bosses and a friend informing her that, like all Westerners, she smelled bad--Kimberly discovered that in many ways Tokyo was a more welcoming place for single, young women than New York. At her newspaper, she found a mentor in Suzuki-san, a high-level, female editor, who encouraged her to pursue stories about women in Japan. Kimberly wrote about birth control pills and why Japanese women avoided them, the pill-based diet industry, and the flourishing dating industry. She also found friendships that transcended culture. One of Kimberly's best friends, Asako, a stylish graduate student studying education and women's issues at the prestigious Waseda University in Tokyo, taught her that friendship doesn't require similar cultural upbringings, but just an open mind. Together, Kimberly and Asako dealt with sexual harassment and the ups and downs of ambitious careers. And somehow, while they unwound in steamy sentos, drank in loud izakayas, and talked over beer and tea on futons, Asako made the strange world of Tokyo feel like home.

Many observers of the world scene in recent decades have raised questions about Western civilization. They see us locked in tangles of inconsistent intentions and self-contradictory efforts to remedy growing problems. This development may be an inevitable consequence of the deterioration of first principles as their implications are drawn out over time. The process is one in which people acting to maximize individual and social purposes competitively reinterpret their perceptions of reality until the culture stagnates from a deficiency of common purpose.

Looking at law and its social context, this work explores the contingent origins of the modern American economy. It shows how craftsmen--teamsters, barbers, musicians, and others--violently governed commerce in Chicago through pickets, assaults, and bombings. These tradesmen forcefully contested the power of national corporations in their city. Their resistance shaped American law, heavily influencing the New Deal and federal criminal statutes. This book thus shows that American industrial policy resulted not from a 'search for order,' but from a brutal struggle for control.

Arguing that the sweatshop is as American as apple pie, Laura Hapke surveys over a century and a half of the forms, verbal and pictorial, in which the sweatshop has been imagined. In so doing, she provides a new context for understanding the contemporary sweatshops that now represent the worst expression of an unregulated global economy.

The Spacious Word explores the history of Iberian expansion into the Americas as seen through maps and cartographic literature, and considers the relationship between early Spanish ideas of the world and the origins of European colonialism. Spanish mapmakers and writers, as Padron shows, clung to a much older idea of space that was based on the itineraries of travel narratives and medieval navigational techniques.

Public violence, scarcely analyzed and little understood, is the subject of this pathbreaking research into the histories of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Holden shows how the national and international dimensions of public violence intersected there to produce "armies without nations."